Abstract： Objective To evaluate the operation method and results of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy on the treatment of non-functioning kidney with hydronephrosis.Methods Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy was performed in 5 cases with nonfunctioning kidney with hydronephrosis.The retroperitoneal cavity were established with the fingers separating method.Afterwards ,3 Trocars were inserted through lumbar ports,the kidney was liberated partially,and made a small hole,the intrarenal fluid was drawn out.Then the kidney was liberated fully,the renal pedicle were exposed,and blocked with titanium clips or Hem-o-lok and then cut off,the non-functioning kidney was taken out in a specimen bag.Results The 5 operations were successful.The mean operative time was 170 min(150-300 min),and blood loss was 30 ml(10-80 ml).Drainage tube was removed 2-3 days after operation,we have not found any massive hemorrhage,infection,peritoneum rupture,intraabdominal visceral injury,and other severe complications.Conclusion Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for non-functioning kidney with hydronephrosis is proved to be ninimal invasive,safe,effective,and rapid recovery.It would become the first choice for this kind of disease.