Abstract： Objective:To determine the value of Thinprep cytologic test (TCT) combined with P16 immunostaining in screening of precancerous cervical lesions.Methods:A total of 108 patients who visited our hospital between May and October of 2019 were included as the study subjects. Cervical exfoliated cells were collected from these patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the P16 expression. TCT was used to examine the exfoliated cells for purpose of cervical cancer screening. Multiple biopsy specimens of suspicious lesions were obtained under colposcopy for pathological diagnosis. Using histopathological findings as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of TCT and P16, used alone or in combination for screening precancerous cervical lesions, were calculated and evaluated.Results:The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of TCT was 85.53%, 90.63% and 87.04%, respectively, showing good agreement with pathological diagnosis (Kappa=0.71) . The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of P16 was 67.11%, 93.75% and 75%, respectively, showing modest consistency with pathological diagnosis (Kappa=0.51) . Despite this, P16 detection yielded high overall specificity and a good sensitivity to high-grade CIN lesions. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of TCT combinated with P16 was 94.74%, 84.38% and 91.67%, respectively, showing high consistency with the pathological diagnosis (Kappa=0.798) , with statistically significant difference compared with P16 or TCT alone (all P<0.005) . Conclusion:TCT combined with P16 detection can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of early screening for precancerous cervical lesions, suggesting important clinical value for early prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.