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重组乳酸乳球菌作为活载体疫苗的研究进展

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Author:: No author available

Journal Title:: Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Issue:: 3

DOI:: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1927.2017.03.016

Key Word:: No keyword available

Abstract：人体内共生着种类繁多、数以万亿计的微生物,其中80％以上居住在我们的胃肠道,构成肠道微生物组,被誉为"藏在人体内的黑科技",与我们的健康息息相关[1].肠道微生物组与宿主之间并不是简单的共生关系,它们负责形成免疫屏障防御病原菌入侵,帮助消化肠胃无法吸收的食物,生成一些维生素供宿主进一步利用[2].一旦肠道菌群结构和种类遭到破坏,紊乱的微生物系统易引发多种疾病,如最新研究报道帕金森病很可能是由于肠道微生物引起而非大脑[3].其中,乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)是人和动物肠道内常见的兼性厌氧性革兰阳性细菌,是公认的安全级(generally recognized as safe,GRAS)微生物,是乳酸菌属最重要、最典型的种,它存在很多染色体外遗传因子(如质粒、噬菌体),是作为基因载体系统的良好材料[4-6].近几年来利用乳酸乳球菌作为疫苗发送载体的研究备受关注,正是因为乳酸乳球菌作为疫苗载体具有安全性高(不产生脂多糖),以活体形式进入机体能耐受机体的胃酸和胆汁,抗原性弱(作为疫苗载体本身不会引起强烈的免疫反应),可以利用同一载体对动物进行多次免疫,异源蛋白质易于纯化(其本身仅天然分泌一种主要的内源性蛋白质Usp45)且能正确折叠等优点[7].大量研究表明,乳酸乳球菌载体疫苗通过不同的发送方式均可诱导产生抗原特异性的免疫反应,但不同的发送方式产生的免疫反应类型不同.因此,以何种方式发送活体疫苗才能激起针对不同抗原产生适宜的免疫应答显得尤为重要.本文就乳酸乳球菌载体疫苗不同发送途径引起的免疫反应类型进行综述.

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