Abstract： Objective To establish specific regulation of striatal neuronal activity by optical genetics.Methods Lentivirus was packaged by calcium chloride transfection.Lentivirus-mediated light-sensitive protein was expressed in mouse brain.Immunofluorescence was used to determine the location of light-sensitive proteins.The effect of optical genetics was detemined by using the in vivo electrophysiological recording system.Results At two weeks after targeted injection,immunofluorescence showed that lentivirus could stably transfer light-sensitive protein into striatal neurons and did not express in other cells.In vivo electrophysiology showed that laser could significantly increase the activity of striatal neurons.Conclusion Optical genetics may effectively regulate the activity of striata neurons.