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辣椒素受体TRPV1,不仅仅感知热和痛
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- Author:
- No author available
- Journal Title:
- Acta Physiologica Sinica
- Issue:
- 5
- DOI:
- 10.13294/j.aps.2021.0078
- Key Word:
- No keyword available
Abstract： 人对客观世界的认识是从感觉开始的,大脑通过各类感受器接受、加工并认识外界事物的各种属性的过程即为感觉.感觉是人的认识过程的开端,也是一切较高级复杂的认识活动的基础.按感受器类型的不同,感觉分为了视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、皮肤觉(触觉、温觉、冷觉、痛觉)、运动觉和平衡觉等.在感觉研究领域,自1944年JosephErlnger和Herbert Gasser发现感觉神经纤维以来,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖于1961年、1967年和2004年分别颁发给了发现听觉、视觉和嗅觉发生机制的科学家.长久以来温度感知的机制一直是个谜,1997年美国加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的David Julius研究辣椒素如何使人产生灼热感,并成功鉴定了对辣椒素敏感的一种新的离子通道蛋白TRPV1,也是一种对热敏感的受体,在机体感觉到疼痛的温度下被激活[1].此外,他还应用薄荷醇鉴定出被寒冷激活的TRPM8受体[2].这些工作揭示了热和冷如何启动神经脉冲感知促进机体适应周围环境.David Julius因"发现感知温度的受体"获得2021年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖.
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