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Function and molecular mechanism of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in regulating oocyte meiotic maturation and ovulation

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Author:: No author available

Journal Title:: Acta Physiologica Sinica

Issue:: 1

DOI:: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0085

Key Word:: 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路;卵母细胞;减数分裂成熟;排卵;促性腺激素

Abstract：丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路是一条从酵母到人中都高度保守的信号转导途径,广泛地存在于各种真核细胞中.近30多年来的研究表明,在几乎所有物种的雌性生殖细胞发育和减数分裂成熟过程中,该信号通路都发挥着至关重要的作用.特别是在包括人、小鼠和家畜的哺乳动物中,MAPK信号通路在卵母细胞恢复减数第一次分裂过程中被激活,调控纺锤体组装和细胞周期进程,并在颗粒细胞中介导促性腺激素的生理作用,促进卵丘扩展、排卵和黄体形成.虽然MAPK信号通路在雌性生殖过程中发挥着如此广泛的生理功能,并且这些功能在进化过程中高度保守,但是对于其作用机制,特别是其直接作用靶分子,在很长一段时间没有被充分研究清楚.近些年,基于一些新的基因编辑小鼠模型和理论研究成果,以及各种组学技术的广泛应用,人们进一步揭示了MAPK在减数分裂恢复过程中直接磷酸化激活RNA结合蛋白——胞质聚腺苷酸化原件结合蛋白l(cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein-1,CPEBl),促进母源mRNA的poly(A)尾延伸,介导蛋白翻译激活.这些研究结果不但构成了目前本领域哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟和排卵机制的基本理论,也对本领域其他相关研究提供了可借鉴的研究思路.结合本研究组和其他科学家近年来的系统研究工作,我们对MAPK与卵母细胞成熟和排卵的研究进行了历史回顾,介绍了当前研究进展,提出了新近出现但尚未解决的科学问题,包括MAPK在颗粒细胞中对mRNA翻译和降解的调控,以及对翻译起始复合体、mRNA加尾酶的直接磷酸化激活等.

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