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Transmission routes of human immunodeficiency virus and affecting factors

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Author:: No author available

Journal Title:: World Chinese Journal of Digestology

Issue:: 18

DOI:: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i18.873

Key Word:: 人免疫缺陷病毒;艾滋病;传播途径;影响因素

Abstract：在30多年前美国首次报道了同性恋人群中发现的获得性免疫缺陷综合症(acquired immunodeficiency syndromes,AIDS),其流行特征表明AIDS通过性接触、母婴和血液三种方式传播.AIDS的病原体为人免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV),主要为HIV-1.HIV-1几乎不能突破结构和功能完整的皮肤,主要由黏膜(包括结构和功能完整的黏膜)侵入人体.因此,黏膜是HIV-1的自然传播途径.与HIV-1传播有关的黏膜包括消化道黏膜和泌尿生殖道黏膜.黏膜传播风险存在显著的部位和个体差异,黏膜结构和功能的完整性、黏膜中靶细胞的丰度、机体免疫状态、黏膜表面共生微生物及宿主遗传背景等都与黏膜传播有关.许多因素与黏膜屏障功能密切相关,关于它们在HIV-1入侵中的作用的研究将促进HIV-1黏膜传播的预防和控制.

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