Abstract： Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is strongly linked with gastric cancer (GC) formation and development,and eradication of H.pylori reduces the incidence of GC.Economic analyses suggest that eradication of H.pylori as a means of preventing GC is cost-effective in high-risk populations.Even in populations at low risk of GC,there might be other benefits arising from screening and treatment,owing to the effects on non-malignant upper gastrointestinal diseases.However,there are concerns about widespread use of eradication therapy,because it may cause antimicrobial resistance and a rise in the prevalence of diseases that are negatively associated with H.pylori,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,Barrett esophagus,asthma and obesity.In this article,we review the current status of H.pylori eradication in prevention of gastric cancer.Furthermore,the challenges and future directions of H.pylori eradication to prevent GC are also discussed.