Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is closely related with some diseases such as chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,and gastric cancer.The pathogenicity of H.pylori mainly relieson its flagellum,spiral structure,lipopolysaccharide,cytotoxin associated protein A,and vacuolating cytotoxin A.Through complex pathogenic mechanisms,H.pylori causes various kinds of diseases.In this paper,we discuss the latest research progress in the understanding of the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanism of H.pylori.