Abstract： AIM To evaluate the efficacy of risk early-warning system in the prevention of nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients in gastroenterology department.METHODS Six hundred and seventy-seven patients hospitalized from July 2013 to August 2016 at gastroenterology department were divided into either an observation group (February 2015 to August 2016) or a control group (July 2013 to January 2015) based on whether risk early-warning system was adopted.The incidence of nosocornial infection and infection control effects were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group included 390 cases,in which 5 (1.28％) developed nosocomial infection,including two cases of respiratory tract infection and three cases of gastrointestinal infection.The control group contained 287 cases,in which 10 (3.48％) developed nosocomial infection,including two cases of respiratory tract infection,three cases of urinary tract infection,three cases of gastrointestinal infection,one case of blood infection,and one case of skin infection.The overall incidence rate of nosocomial infection was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were 46 management persons for the observation group,in which the qualified rate of early warning awareness was 95.65％,the rate of having knowledge of nosocomial infection was 93.48％,and the rate of excellent warning was 97.83％.There were 41 management persons for the control group,in which the qualified rate of early warning awareness,the rate of having knowledge of nosocomial infection,and the rate of excellent warning were 68.29％,73.17％,and 82.93％,respectively.There were significant differences between the observation group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05 for all)CONCLUSION The implementation of risk early-warning system can reduce the risk of nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients,improve the quality of risk management,and reduce or even avoid the occurrence of risk events and disputes.