Abstract： Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal proliferative disease of immature myeloid cells in hematopoietic system. Although chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could improve the survival of AML patients, their prognoses are still poor. Previous studies have shown that the abnormal regulation of bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) on leukemia stem cells is one of the important factors that make AML difficult to completely cure and easy to relapse. Studies on AML molecular biology and BMM are increasing. In-depth investigation on the changes of acute leukemia microenvironment and targeted intervention of abnormal BMM are expected to make new breakthroughs in the targeted therapy of AML and to improve the prognosis of patients. This review reviews the progress of BMM and targeted microenvironment therapy in AML.