Abstract： [OBJECTIVE]:To compare the long-term effectiveness of compound Ruanjianhugan(RJH)tablets and interventional therapy (IT) in patients after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).[METHODS]:A retrospective study was conductedin 399 patients after resection of small HCC who were admitted between January 1987 and December 2008 in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Minimlly Invasive Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.Four groups were based on different therapy modes:a TCM-only (TCMO) group,a TCM combined with interventional therapy (TCM-IT) group,an interventional therapy-only (ITO) group,and a simple operation (SO) group.Prognostic factors were correlated with overall survival (OS) and OS rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method,and multivariate analyses for factors affecting survival were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model.[RESULTS]:The median OS was 151.20 months in the TCM-IT group,43.87 months in the ITO group,and 20.77 months in the SO group.All survival rates of the TCMO group were higher than those of the other three groups (＞50％).The 5-,10-,and 15-year OS in the TCMO and ITO patients were 83.94％,45.50％,and 71.22％ and 33.34％,55.58％,and 9.26％,respectively (risk ratio,0.209;95％ confi- dence interval,0.126-0.347;P=0.000).Multivariate analysis revealed that the independent risk factors were therapy mode (P=0.000),sex (P=0.005),family history (P=0.011),TNM Classification of Malignant Tumor staging (P=0.000),medical care-seeking be-havior (P=0.021),and maximum diameter (P=0.030).[CONCLUSION]:Long-term oral use of compound RJH tablets may improve OS for small HCC after resection compared with IT.