Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression and localization ofHB-EGF in human first trimester villi and decidua, and its significance in embryonic implantation and placental growth and development. Methods By immunohistochemical method the expression of HB-EGF was observed in 18 cases of human first trimester villi and decidua. Results HB-EGF can be detected in all villi and decidua of the early pregnant tissue, HB-EGF located on cell membrane and cytoplasm in trophoblast cells and glandular and stromal cells in decidua. The expression of HB-EGF in trophoblast cells was higher than that in decidua. Conclusions The expression of HB-EGF in human villi and decidua may contribute to embryonic implantation and growth, and to maintain the placental functions.