Abstract： Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of acquired hydrocephalus in children.Methods 68 children in - patient from January 2007 to December 2010 with acquired hydrocephalus,age≤ 14 years,were analyzed retrospcctively.Results 43 cases with tumors,10 cases with infection,8 cases with intraventricular hemorrhage,7 cases with trauma were responsible for the 68 cases hydrocephalus,and tumor was the top of the list.Among the total cases,26 cases were without further surgical intervention such as ventriculoperitioneal when the primary disease was treatmented,of which 17 cases were hydrocephalus associate with tumors,6 cases hydrocephalus associated with intraventricular hemorrhage and 3 cases were infectious hydrocephalus respectively.The other 42 cases were under the treatment of ventriculoperitioneal shunt after or before the treatment of the primary disease.Conclusions Acquired hydrocephalus in children have relatively unique clinical outcomes because of the differences of primary disease and the specificity of pediatric anatomy and physiology,individual treatment should be performed according to differences of primary disease and age.