Abstract: Objective To explore the neuronal activity of ventrolateral thalamus (VL)in patients with Writer's cramp (WC).Methods Microelectrode recording in the ventralis oralis posterior (Vop) and nucleus ventralis intermedius (Vim) of thalamus was performed on 10 patients with WC who underwent thalamotomy during operation.The electromyography (EMG) was carried out on the contralateral limbs simultaneously.Single unit analysis was performed.The mean spontaneous firing rate (MSFR),interspike interval (ISI) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated.ISI histograms were constructed to evaluate the neuronal firing pattern.The power spectrum and coherence analysis were applied to study the relationship between thalamic neuronal firing and EMG.Result Eighty five neurons were identified from 10 trajectories of the VL.Of total neurons.52 (61.2%) were irregular neuronal firing with MSFR (20.3 ± 14.9) Hz,CV: 1.38±0.40,and 33(38.8%) neurons were tonic firing pattern,it's MSFR and CV are (44.4±21.5)Hz and 0.84 ± 0.11 respectively.Coherence analysis showed that thalamic neuronal firing significantly correlated with limb muscular activity at 0.25~3 Hz during writing (n=12,P<0.05).Conclusion WC-related neuronal activity observed in VL suggests that motor thalamus is involved in the pathophysiology of WC.