Abstract： Objective To observe the effect of Ⅷ cranial nerve microvascular decompression (MVD) for tinnitus.Method MVD of the Ⅷ cranial nerve through retrosigmoid approach was performed in one tinnitus,two trigeminal neuralgia with ipsilateral tinnitus,three hemifacial spasm with ipsilateral tinnitus patients.All patients were followed-up from 16 to 38 months for the evaluation of surgical outcome.Results During early postoperative period,the tinnitus was resolved or was markedly improved in five patients.During flow- up period,three cases had been cured,two cases had obvious effect,one case had no effect.There was no perioperative complication.Conclusions Microvascular compression (MVC) of the Ⅷ cranial nerve is one of the causes of tinnitus.MVD of the vestibulocochlear nerve is a safe and effective method for those carefully selected tinnitus patients.