Abstract: Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of common bile duct ligation (CBDL) preconditioning alleviating subsequent renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Methods C57BL/6 mice was divided into 3 groups.In CBDL group,the common bile duct was transiently ligated at day 0 (d0),and recanalized after two days (d2) and two days later (d4). Unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion injury was performed.Sham operation was done in Sham group at d0,then unilateral renal I/R was performed at d4. Control group was set as normal contrast. Total bilirubin (TB) was monitored.24 h after I/R (d5),we collected blood to detect creatinine (Cr),and the expression of heat-shock protein 27 (HSP-27) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was monitored by Western blotting at d0,d2,d4,d5 four time points.Results After CBDL,TB fell to normal at d4.Cr levels in CBDL group were lower than in Sham group (P<0.05),the protein expression levels of HSP-27 and eNOS were increased from d2 and sustained to d5 in CBDL group as compared with Sham group ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusion CBDL preconditioning can obviously alleviate renal ischemia/reoerfusion injury in mice probably by up-regulating the expression of HSP-27 and eNOS.