Abstract： Objective To summary clinical character of de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation,and explore the strategy of prevention and treatment.Methods The clinical data of recipients undergoing liver transplantation and the recipients who developed de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation between Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 365 patients who underwent liver transplantation were negative for serum HBsAg before liver transplantation.Among them,11patients were diagnosed as having de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation,with the morbidity being 3.0 ％(11/365).Most recipients did not have any clinical presentation.They were just found HBsAg positive during the follow-up period.The liver functions were normal.All 11patients received anti-virus therapy after they were found having positive HBsAg and replicated HBV-DNA.One patient whose primary disease was hepatitis C combined with primary hepatic carcinoma was treated with pegylated interferon,thereafter,he was found having YMDD-mutation of HBV-DNA,and he was treated with entecavir.The rest 10 patients received anti-virus treatment with nucleoside analog.The 10 recipients were injected with hepatitis B immunoglobin during operation.After anti-HBV therapy,one patient died from acute liver failure because of inefficient treatment,and one patient died from tumor recurrence.The remaining nine patients survived:HBeAg of one patient became negative,and HBV-DNA replications of the four patients became negative (＜1×105 copies/L).The liver function of the patients who survived was normal.Conclusion For recipients who were HBsAg negative before liver transplantation,when they received liver transplantation,,they should be given strict screening of blood product for transfusion.The liver transplantation patient who is HBsAg negative in serum before liver transplantation,and whose donor is HBcAb positive in serum and/or HBV-DNA positive in serum,should be treated with HBIG and/or nucleoside analog during operation or after operation,as we said above is a ideal strategy to prevent de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation.The prognosis of de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation is mild.