Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC),the special inhibitor of nuclear transcription factor-κB,on the progress of chronic transplant vasculopathy (CTV). Methods Heterotopic heart transplantation models were established from Lewis to F344 rats. The recipients were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=18 in each group). In control group,the PDTC group，recipients were injected subcutaneously with PDTC(100 mg·kg-1·day-1)combined with CsA(2 mg·kg-1·day-1)for 10 days continuously. On the 20th. 40th and 60th day after trans plantation,6 grafts were harvested respectively for histological examination in each group. The prolif eration of coronary artery intima and mononuclear cell infiltration in allografts were assessed. The pathological scores of CTV were evaluated on vascular remodeling and local inflammation. Results Compared with control group,the proliferation of coronary artery intima was significantly inhibited in PDTC treated rats(P＜0.05). On the 20th day after transplantation,the severity of mononuclear cell infiltration of grafts in PDTC group was markedly decreased(P＜0.05). Conclusion PDTC can suppress the progress of CTV in rat heterotopic transplanted heart.