Abstract： Objectives To investigate the effect of pretransplant dinephrectomy on blood pressure and renal allograft function in uremia patients associated with uncontrolled hypertension.Methods From May 1987 to 1997,21 uremia patients associated with uncontrolled hypertension were subjected to the dinephrectomy before renal transplantation(group A).Another 21 cases of uremia associated with uncontrolled hypertension did not undergo nephrectomy before renal transplantation(group B).The blood pressure and renal atlograft function recovery after renal transplantation in the both two groups were comparatively studied.Results In group A.the mean diastolic blood pressure after renal transplantation was lower than 90 mm Hg or decreased by over 10 mm Hg as compared with that before operation in 13 out of the 21 cases;the mean diastolic blood pressure was decreased by over 15% as compared with that before operation in 6 cases.One year after renal transplantation.11 cases in group A and 5 in group had normal blood pressure(P<0.05).The one-year survival rate of the renal allografts in group A and group B was 95.2% and 81.0% respectively(P<0.01).Conclusions Dinephrectomy can effectively prevent hypertension and maintain stable renal function after renal graft for uremia patients associated with uncontrolled hypertension.