Abstract： Objective To investigate the application of artificial liver support system during the perioperation of orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods One patient with end-stage liver cirrhosis with liver cancer successfully underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The patient received artificial liver support system (ALSS) treatment 8 times before and after operation. The recipients' operation was performed under the veno-venous bypass procedure. The double-drug immunosuppressive regimen , methylprodnisolone and cyclosporine A, was used after operation. Results The patient had a smooth recovery in the early stage and died of intracerebral hemorrhage at the 21st postoperative day. Conclusion ALSS treatment can improve general conditions of the patient before operation, and correct physiological disturbances and help to survive during immune rejection after operation.