Abstract： To study the factors influencing the survival, differentiation and integration with host neurons of the transplants in rats grafted embryonic spinal cord neurons to adult rats spinal cord, embryonic spinal cord neurons suspension (ET) were grafted (ET group) and ET plus au-tologous Schwann cells (SC) were grafted in another group (EST group). The results showed that the grafted neurons can survive, differentiate and partially integrate with host spinal cord neurons in various degrees. The length of the grafted neurons widest axis in EST group was longer than that in ET group 10 weeks postoperation(P<0.01), the number of the grafted in ET group was more than that in EST group 10 weeks postoperation (P<0.01). It was concluded that the grafted embryonic spinal cord neurons can survive, differentiate and integrate with host neurons; that autologous SC was beneficial for the grafted neurons survival, differentiation and integration with host neurons.