Abstract： Objective To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) in the angiogenesis of condyloma acuminatum (CA). Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 30 patients with CA and foreskin of 15 normal human controls. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immunohistochemical method were utilized to measure the protein and mRNA expressions of VEGF and TGF-α in the specimens. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined by staining with anti-CD34 polyclonal antibodies. Results A statistical elevation was observed in the expression of VEGF and TGF-α mRNA as well as MVD in CA specimens compared with the normal control specimens (P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.01). The expressions of VEGF and TGF-α protein were observed in 90% and 86.7% of the CA specimens, and in 40% and 26.7% of the control specimens (both P < 0.01). MVD was positively correlated with the expression of VEGF and TGF-α protein in CA tissues (both P < 0.01). Conclusion The overexpression of VEGF and TGF-α in CA tissue may accelerate angiogenesis in, and participate in the development and progression of, CA.