Abstract： Objective To investigate the usage of the internal fixation technique with the pedicle of vertebral arch nail in the fracture of thoracic vertebrae.Methods All 74 patients with the fracture of thoracic vertebrae were retrospectively analyzed. All 74 patients had the operative treatment ; 11 had the simple posterior decompression and other 63 patients had the decompression with the internal fixation of the pedicle of vertebral arch nail.According to the different fracture section,we used dick nail,atlas fixator nail and vertebral pedicle screw nail separately.Results All of the 74 patients were cured primarily.Nobody had complications of the injury of the pleura,the exacerbation of paraplegia and the injury of the big blood vessels.Fifteen patients had the leakage of cerebrospinal but were cured after treatment. The symptom of paralysis seldom recovered postoperatively.Conclusion Posterior decompression and pedicle screw fixation can effectively restore the spinal normal sequence,which is beneficial to patients with early rehabilitation exercise,but it has an effect on the recovery of the nervous function.