Abstract： Objective To study the effects of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) transplantation on rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods After hNSCs were isolated and identified, Twenty-four adult SD rats were removed of T10 vertebral plate and Twenty-four had spinal cord injury by NYU-Ⅱ system. Twenty-four SCI rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 12) and control group (n = 12). hNSCs marked with CM-DiI were transplanted into the spinal cord of experimental group on the 9th day. Immunohistochemistry staining was applied to detect the survival and differentiation of the transplanted cells in vivo, and BBB loco motor rating scale was used to assess the recovery of the hind-limb function. Results hNSCs culture system in vitro was established successfully.The transplanted hNSCs could survive for at least 8 weeks, and migrate as far as 10mm away from the lesion edge,expressing differentiation markers for neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in vivo, Compared with the controlgroup, the hind-limb function in experimental group was significantly improved. Conclusion hNSCs which were transplanted into the injured adult rat spinal cord could differentiate into neurons and neural glail cells, and improve the hind-limb function recover.