Abstract： Objective To evaluate the effect of maxillary sinus elevation with gene-enhanced tissue engineering bone in dogs.Methods bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) derived from dog marrow were cultured,and transduced with the adenovirus carrying bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) gene( AdBMP-2),the adenovirus carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene (AdGFP) in vitro.The bone formation ability of gene modified BMSC with scaffold was examined in nude mice and in elevated maxillary sinus of dog. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis with SPSS 11.0 software package. Results Gene transfection efficiency reached up to (83.95 ± 2.43 ) ％ as demonstrated by GFP expression.Ectopic bone formation was detected in nude mice.As for maxillary sinus floor elevation in a dog model,new bone formation area in the AdBMP-2 gene transduced BMSC with Bio-Oss group was significantly higher than in BMSC with Bio-Oss group at 120 d (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions AdBMP-2 gene transduced BMSC can stimulate ectopic bone formation in nude mice,and promote bone formation and maturation in the dog maxillary sinus.