Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect of local application of zoledronic acid(ZA)on the expression of typeⅠcollagen and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF). Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats were divided into ZA group, gelatin sponge group, and blank control group after one-side tooth extraction. The expression of typeⅠcollagen and VEGF were detected with SP immunohistochemistry method 1, 2 and 4 weeks after operation. Results The gray value of typeⅠcollagen in ZA group (60.00±1.81,63.47±3.02)was lower than those in gelatin sponge group(68.58±2.90,71.15±5.57) and blank control group(69.16±9.63,72.50±4.10,P<0.05)in the 1 and 2 week.In the ZA and gelatin sponge groups, the gray values of typeⅠcollagen were higher in the 4th week than in the 1st and 2nd week(P<0.05). The expression of VEGF was higher in ZA group (69.93±2.74)than in gelatin sponge group(60.86±4.79)and blank control group (61.52±2.28)in the 1st week(P<0.05). There was significant difference in VEGF expression between the 2nd week and 1st and 4th week(P<0.05). Conclusions Local application of ZA could enhance the expression of typeⅠcollagen but inhibit the expression of VEGF in the early stage.