Abstract： Objective To investigate the epidemiological trend of pulmonary tuberculosis,and to provide scientific basis for making National Tuberculosis Control Program 2011-2015. Methods Multistage stratified clustered sampling method was adopted,and 176 clusters were selected.All residents over 15years old received interviewing and chest X-ray examination. Sputum smear and culture were done for subjects with abnormal X-ray films and symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis.Strains isolated by culture were further tested to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria.A weighted adjustment method accounting for complex sampling was used to calculate prevalence and 95％ confidence intervals. Second-order Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square test was used to compare prevalence among different groups.Results The examination rate was 96.1％ ( 252 940/263 281 ) of the eligible people. The weighted prevalence of active, smear-positive, bacteriological positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 459/100 000 ( 1310/252 940),66/100 000 ( 188/252 940),119/100 000 (347/252 940) respectively.Active, smear-positive, bacteriological positive pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence among people over 60 years were 1097/100 000 (637/57 456),177/100 000 (91/57 456),323/100 000 ( 179/57 456).Active and bacteriological positive pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence in rural areas (569/100 000,936/138057; 153/100 000,255/138 057) was higher tban that in urban areas (307/100 000,374/114 883; 73/100 000,92/114 883). Prevalence in western provinces was high where the active,smear-positive,bacteriological positive pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence was 695/100 000 (567/69 896),105/100 000 (84/69 896),198/100 000 (161/69 896) respectively.Conclusions The epidemic of tuberculosis is still serious.Tuberculosis control work should be enhanced in high prevalence areas and high risk population.