Abstract： Objective To analyze the characteristics of hematological diseases in 81 Air Force aircrews and to investigate their relation to the aviation medical evaluation. Methods Eighty-one cases of the aircrews,who were suffering from hematological diseases and were hospitalized in Air Force General Hospital from 1982 to 2010,were reviewed. The relation between hematological diseases and aviation medical evaluation was analyzed upon disease grouping. Results ① The diagnosed hematological diseases included 27 cases of leucopenia (33.3％), 16 cases of thrombocytopenia (19.8％),15 cases of anemia (18.5％),9 cases of marrow proliferating disease (11.1％),6 cases of malignant lymphoma (7.4 ％),5 cases of leukemia (6.2％) and 1 cases of malignant histocytosis,hypersplenism and necrotic lymphnoditis (1.2％ respectively).② Forty-seven aircrews were qualified for flying,including 23 cases of leucopenia,10 cases of thrombocytopenia,7 cases of anemia,4 cases of myeloproliferative disease and 3 recovered cases of malignant lymphoma.The rate of qualification was 58.0％.Five cases of acute leukemia were all grounded. Conclusions More than half aircrews with innocent hematological diseases could be qualified by proper treatment but for the aircrew with malignant hematological diseases.They still need individual evaluation and some of them would be permitted flying in case of getting satisfied treatment and recovery.