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MR imaging study on external hydrocephalus in infants: extracerebral space developmental and pathological enlargement
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- Author:
- No author available
- Journal Title:
- CHINESE JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
- Issue:
- 5
- DOI:
- 10.3760/j.issn:1005-1201.2006.05.005
- Key Word:
- 脑积水;婴儿,新生,疾病;磁共振成像
Abstract： 目的分析婴幼儿脑外积液的MRI特征,明确脑外积液的病因及与脑发育的关系.方法选择经MRI确诊的46例年龄＜2岁的脑外积液患儿,分析其MRI特征.并按月龄分7组,在T2WI上测量脑外间隙宽度并与正常值对照.结果引起婴幼儿脑外积液的主要原发病有感染性疾病、硬膜下或蛛网膜下出血、缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)占67.4%(31/46例),原因不明占26.1%(12/46例).脑外积液主要发生在大脑凸面的前部,以蛛网膜下腔积液多见,占80.4%(37/46例),硬膜下积液8.7%(4/46例),硬膜下和蛛网膜下积液并存10.9%(5/46例).其中,化脓性脑膜炎可致硬脑膜或软脑膜的信号在T1WI或T2WI上增高,常引起硬膜下积液或与蛛网膜下腔积液并存.硬膜下和(或)蛛网膜下腔出血常为硬膜下和蛛网膜下腔积液并存,并常见大脑表面静脉(皮质静脉)增粗、淤滞和出血,在T1WI上信号增高.HIE所致脑外积液为蛛网膜下腔积液,可见HIE所致的特征性改变,常有髓鞘化落后占63.6%(7/11例).原因不明者多为双侧对称性的蛛网膜下腔积液.脑室扩大主要见于HIE和硬膜下或蛛网膜下出血.结论婴幼儿脑外积液多有明确病因,以出血、感染和HIE为多见,积液的部位与脑发育的特性有关,MRI对明确脑外积液的性质,判断病因有帮助.
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