Abstract： Objective To evaluate the therapeutic responses to transsphenoidal surgery and medical therapy in terms of normalization of prolactin(PRL),mortality,morbidity and the cost-effectiveness of PRL normalization in order to establish an individualized therapeutic protocol for the patients with prolactinoma.Methods A retrospective study was undertaken of a consecutive series of patients with prolactinoma who were followed for at least 1 year after transsphenoidal surgery or medical treatment.The clinical characteristics and the long-term outcomes(normalization of PRL,morbidity or mortality)were assessed.Utilizing the principle of medical economics and data from the two types of treatment,we worked out a Markov chain and calculated the lowest cost of two kinds of therapeutic protocols.Results(1)The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in microadenoma was 85%(22/26),and that of medical treatment was 95%(19/20).There was no statistical difference between the two therapies(P＞0.05).The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in macroadenoma was45%(19/42),and that of medical treatment was 5/5.There was a statistical difierence between the two therapies(P＜0.05).(2)According to the Markov model,it would cost a microprolactinoma patient 25 129.25 yuan to normalize serum PRL by surgical treatment.This is comparable to the cost of medical treatment which would be 24 943.99 yuan.Whereas for a macroprolactinoma patient surgery would cost 35 208.20 yuan and medical treatment would cost 25 344.38 yuan.Conclusions Medical therapy is superior to surgical treatment in regard to complication rate and cost-effectiveness for macro-and extra big prolactinomas.Transsphenoidal surgery remains an option for patients with microadenomas.Markov model is an effective way to predict the treatment cost for patients with hyperprolactinoma at different ages and with different canses