Abstract： @@ In the past decade, there has been a dramatic growth in perinatal-neonatal care system at provincial and sub-provincial tertiary centers in China. China's statistics are staggering: with its 1.35 billion population, the annual number of births is 17 millions. Of this the premature rate is estimated at 8% in urban residents, and 4%-5% in rural residents. As urbanization reached nearly 50% for the whole country, the estimated average for the total premature born is 6%, or more than 1 million each year.In the face of such enormous numbers, it is encouraging that in the most recent years, the implementation of health insurance covering both urban and rural residents, has made the modern prevention and treatment of severe neonatal disorders possible.