Abstract： Objective To study the adaptive alterations of elastic fibers in the bilaminar zone (BZ) of rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) following disc displacement. Methods Twenty-eight Japanese white rabbits were used in this study. The right temporomandibular joints of 20 of 28 rabbits were subjected to the surgical procedure of anterior disc displacement (ADD). Four rabbits in the surgical group were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. Their temporomandibular joints were studied histochemically.Results Elastic fibers were reduced in number and ran irregularly in the superior lamina of BZ from ADD rabbits. The jungly elastic fibers (Efs) could still be seen at 2 weeks after operation. At 4 weeks, the number of Efs decreased significantly; Efs lost their jungly arrangement and were shaped like rough dots, of which the arrangement and the lengths were different. Six weeks after operation, many Efs were replaced by distorted, uneven, non-oriented fine Efs, distributed unevenly and some thick or fine Efs that ran irregularly. The number of Efs decreased further and their arrangement was more deranged at 8 weeks. At 10 and 12 weeks, Efs in the superior lamina of BZ were similar to those at 8 weeks.Conclusion Our results show that Efs lost their function as well as their distribution and arrangement after disc displacement.