Abstract： Objective To analyze the apoptosis-related spots like protein (ASC) and caspase -1 in HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues and its clinical significance. Methods ASC and Caspase 1 were determined with immunohistochemistry LSAB method and the various indexes were analyzed in 30 cases of liver cancer and adjacent tissues which did not receive preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Results The positive rate of ASC in HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues was 10.00% (3/30) and 73.33% (22/30). Positive rate between the groups had significant difference (P＜0.01). Caspase-1 positive rate had significantly difference between the groups (23.33% (7/30) vs. 66.67% (20/30), P＜0.01). ASC and the two indicators of Caspase-1 expression in cancer tissues were low, but no significant correlations between the two groups (P＞0.05). ASC and the two indicators of Caspase-1 expression in adjacent tissue were significantly increased, and it showed a very significant correlation (r＝0.722,P＜0.01). Conclusions ASC, Caspase-1 expression in liver cancer were low expressed, and significantly lower than the adjacent tissues, which suggested that ASC and Caspase-1 were closely related to the occurrence and development of the apoptosis of liver cancer, and it might be used as diagnosis and treatment of targets in liver cancer.