Abstract: Objective To detect COX-2 mRNA in cervical cancer and normal cervix, and explore the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Methods COX-2 expression was detected by RT-PCR to explore the relationship between COX-2 and the adenocarcinogenon of cervical cancer in 36 cases of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and 15 cases normal cervical tissue. Results The positive rate of COX-2 mRNA in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix tissues (55.6%) was higher than that of normal tissues ( 20. 0% ), the difference was significant ( P < 0. 05). The expression of COX-2 mRNA was associated with stages and clinical grading of tumor ( P < 0. 05), but no significant difference was found between stages and clinical grading of uterine cervix adenocarcinoma( P > 0. 05). Conclusion The hyper expression of COX-2 mRNA in uterine cervix adenocarcinoma took part in the carcinogenesis of tumor.