Abstract： Objective To compare the differences in biological behavior and clinical features between adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG) and lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancer (LESC),and to explore reasonable procedures for each cancer.Methods Clinical data of 111 patients with AEG and 126 patients with LESC who underwent surgery from January 2004 to April 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.Data pertaining to resection rate,lymph node metastasis,and postoperative complication rate were analyzed.Results The resection rate was 94.6％ for AEG and 97.6％ for LESC,and the difference was not statistically significant (P＜0.05).The rate of lymph node metastasis in the mediastinum in patients with AEG was significantly lower [6.3％(7/111 ) vs.32.5％ (41/126),P＜0.01],while the rate of lymph node metastasis in the abdomen was significantly higher [57.7％(64/111) vs.34.1％(43/126),P＜0.01 ].The rate of lymph node metastasis in mediastinum of AEG was 12.5％(4/32) for Siewert Ⅰ and 4.7％(3/64) for Siewert Ⅱ,and there was no lymph node metastasis in SiewertⅢ (n=15).For AEG patients who underwent trans-abdominal surgery,the rate of positive lymph node in the middle and lower mediastinum was significantly lower than trans-thoracic surgery [0/22 vs.7.9％ (7/89),P＜0.05].LESC via right thorax with two-field or three-field lymph node dissection was associated with a significantly higher rate of positive lymph node metastasis in the upper mediastinum than that of single incision via left thorax [ 17.9％(12/67) vs.0/59,P＜0.01].The postoperative complication rates were 23.4％ (26/111 ) and 27.0％ (34/126) respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusions AEG and LESC show different lymph node metastasis pattern and should be operated differently.Lymphadenectomy in mid-lower mediastinum should be emphasized in Siewert Ⅰ and Siewert Ⅱ type cancers.