Abstract： Objective To investigate the risk factors for the initial bowel resection and postoperative recurrence in a cohort of patients with Crohn disease (CD). Methods A total of 216 consecutive patients who were regularly followed up in the Department of Gastroenterology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2003 and 2009 were included. Probabilities for initial intestinal resection were calculated with Kaplan-Meier method. The influence of concomitant covariates on the cumulative probability rates was examined using Cox proportional hazard model. The risk of postoperative recurrence, including endoscopic recurrence, clinical recurrence and surgical recurrence, was also investigated during the follow-up. Logistic analysis was performed for the risk factors of recurrence. Results The median follow-up was 55 months. A total of 44 patients (20.4%)underwent bowel resection. The cumulative frequency of surgery was 11%, 25%, and 45% at 1, 5,and 10 years after initial onset. Multivariate analyses showed that age at diagnosis and disease behavior were independent risk factors for initial intestinal resection (P＜0.05). All but 4 patients had complete follow-up after the surgery with a median duration of 20.4 months. Endoscopic recurrence rate was 52.6% within 1 year, and clinical recurrence rate was 22.5%. Median time to clinical recurrence was 22.6 months. Multivariate analyses showed that perianal disease was the only independent risk factor for clinical recurrence(P＜0.05). During the follow-up 2 patients(5%) underwent further operation and both had the same indications for the reoperation as that for the initial surgery. Conclusions Patients with CD have a high frequency of surgery and the postoperative recurrent rate is also high. Age at diagnosis and disease behavior are associated with the probability of initial surgery. The presence of perianal disease is associated with a higher risk of clinical recurrence.