Abstract： Objective To study the role of insulin-IGF-1 axis in the fetal intrauterine growth. Methods We measured birth weight, height and placental weight in 266 single-birth and full-term neonates who were born in PUMCH. The levels of umbilical cord blood insulin and IGF-1 were measured by RIA. The relationship of the level of cord blood insulin and IGF-1 with related clinical parameters were analyzed by SPSS13.0. Results There was significantly correlation of the level of insulin with birth weight, height, ponderal index and placental weight, respectively. The level of IGF-1 was significantly correlated with birth weight, height, ponderal index and placental weight, respectively. There was significantly correlation between the level of cord plasma insulin and IGF-1. Conclusions The level of plasma insulin and IGF-1 can be used as one of clinical indicators of fetal growth.