Abstract: Objective To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes in adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The study included 202 patients with T2DM and 143 nondiabetic(NDM) healthy subjects with no family history of diabetes. Using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), we genotyped the SNP-11391, SNP-11377, SNP-4522, SNP+45 and SNP+331 in adiponectin gene, and constructed their haplotypes. Then, we assessed the association of the five SNPs with T2DM. Results (1)The genotypic and allelic frequencies of SNP-11391, SNP-11377, SNP-4522, SNP+45 and SNP+331 had no significant difference between T2DM and NDM groups (all P>0.05). (2)The frequencies of haplotype SNP-11377C-SNP-4522T had difference between T2DM and NDM groups(P=0.02). Conclusions The haplotype SNP-11377C-SNP-4522T of adiponectin gene is associated with increased T2DM risk (Or=1.60, 95%CI:1.09~2.35).