Abstract： Objective To investigate the expressions of ICAM-1 and COX-2 and their clinical significances in diabetic rats with cerebral ischemic reperfusion.Methods Diabetes model was made by injection of streptozocin(STZ)and cerebral ischemis reperfusion(IR)model was developed by suture-occluded method.The expressions of ICAM-1 and COX-2 were detected with immunohistochemical technique at 0h,6h,12h and 24h after reperfusion in diabetes(dIR)and nomal(nIR)rats.Results The ICAM-1 and COX-2 positive cells were observed around infarction.The number of blood capillary indicated by ICAM-1 were 0.8±0.8,2.4±1.6,5.1±2.1,3.6±1.6 in reperfusion for 0h,6h,12h,24h respectively in dIR group,which were increased as compared with the same time in nIR group(P<0.05),except the 0h(P>0.05).The percentages of positive COX-2 cells were 26.8±8.3,38.8±11.6,53.4±7.6,51.2±7.7 at 0h,6h,12h and 24h after reperfusion in dIR group,which were higher than in nIR group(all P<0.05).The expression of COX-2 was correlated with expression of ICAM-1 in time.Conclusions Higher and earlier expressions of ICAM-1 and COX-2 may play an important role in ischemic injury in diabetes rats with local cerebral ischemia reperfusion