Abstract： Objective To clarify insulin resistances and pancreatic β-cell hypofunctions in cases with different glucose tolerance. Methods 5523 Chinese underwent OGTT and were classified into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IFG with IGT (IFG+IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) groups based on OGTT results. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β△I30/△G30and AUCI of different groups were statistically analyzed by SPSS12.0. Results Compared to NGT group, HOMA-IR was increased by 41%, 19%, 47% and 69% respectively in IFG, IGT, IFG+IGT and T2DM groups (all P<0.001). ② Compared to NGT group after adjusted by HOMA-IR,the level of HOMA-β was decreased by 54%, 19%, 55% and 68% respectively in IFG, IGT, IFG+IGT and T2DM groups (all P<0.001);△I30/△G30 ratio was decreased by 47%, 40%, 63% and 82% (all P<0.001); AUCi was decreased by 27%, 26% and 30% respectively in IFG, FG+IGT and T2DM groups (all P<0.001). Conclusions From NGT, IGT,IFG, IFG+IGT to T2DM, insulin resistance was getting heavier;The compensation of insulin secretion after glucose load and insulin secretions at baseline,early stage and total were decreased progressively. ② Developing history of T2DM can reflect character of islet β-cell dysfunction.