Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship of serum level of adiponectin concentration with body mass index, waist circumference and plasma glucose level in the population of Shenzhen. Methods According to body mass index (BMI) The population of 29799 were divided into normal-weight group(BMI≤24 kg/m~2)(males10267,females14 268), overweight group(2498 cm respectively, 78‰,379‰ in female subjects with WC 81~95 cm and WC>95 cm respectively. The serum levels of adiponectin were significantly lower in groups of overweight, obesity with and without T2DM than in the normal-weight subjects, both in nales (F=16.924, P=0.000) and in females (F=19.011, P=0.000). The serum levels of adiponectin were negatively correlated with BMI, WC, WHR and hyperglycemia in the hyper-plasma glucose and obesity subjects. Conclusions Adiponectin may be intimately related to obesity and diabetes mellitus. We suggest that reducing BMI to normal range (<24 kg/m~2) may prevent the risk of DM.