Abstract： Objective The aim is to study the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-beta gene with Chinese type 2 diabetes. Methods Two SNPs located in this gene were chosen from public SNP domain by bioinformatic methods and real-time allele-specific PCR method was used to genotype the loci in 439 type 2 diabetics and 328 normal control subjects. Results (1) There was a SNP in the intron region (I16/73 C>T). The genotype frequency and the ratio of CC+CT/TT of this SNP were all significantly different between type 2 diabetes and normal control (P=0.031 and P=0.027, respectively). (2) There was another SNP also in the intron region (I16/288 A>G). But the genotype frequency and allele frequency of this SNP were all not significantly different between type 2 diabetes and normal control (P>0.05). Conclusions The data implicate that the ACC-beta (I16/73 C>T) polymorphism may be associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in eastern Chinese population.