Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect of primary prevention on atherosclerosis(AS) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics.Methods One hundred and sixty-one diabetic patients(duration ≤ 1 year) without AS was designed to undergo the targeted intervention,including the controlling of blood glucose,blood pressure,blood lipid and body weight,and taking aspirin as well.The relationship was(evaluated) after one year treatment between the status of metabolic control and the intima-media thickness(IMT) or AS plaques of common carotid artery(CCA) and femoral artery(FA),respectively.Risk factors of the subclinical AS were estimated by logistic regression analysis.Results In the whole group,CCA-IMT and FA-IMT were significantly less than baseline [(△CCA-IMT:0.08 mm,95% CI:0.06～0.11,P<0.001.△FA-IMT:0.07 mm,95% CI:0.05～0.10),P<0.001],and subclinical AS was found in 25 patients(15.5%).Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors related with subclinical AS were sBP targeted value [Exp(B):20.879,95% CI:3.387～128.721,P=0.001],LDL-C targeted value [Exp(B):8.047,95% CI:1.706～37.96,P=0.008] and the number of metabolic parameter control [Exp(B):2.07,95% CI:1.044～4.103,P=0.037]. Conclusions ① CCA-IMT and FA-IMT could be reversed in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes during one-year multifactorial targeted intervention. ② The status of systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control and the number of metabolic parameter control were the key risk factors for subclinical AS in these patients.