Abstract: Objective To study the relationship between human leucocyte antigen-DMA,DMB and genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes. Methods DNA were extracted from peripheral blood by routine techniques after which polymerase chain reaction and dot blot hybridization techniques were used to classify DMA and DMB alleles. Results DMA*0103 and DMB*0103 alleles were significantly increased in the patients,DMA*0102 and DMB*0101 alleles were significantly increased in the controls.DMA*0101/0102 and DMB*0101/0101 genotypes were significantly increased in the controls(42% vs 10.8%;46% vs 7.1%,respectively, P<0.01), while DMB*0103/0103 and DMA*0101/0103 genotypes were significantly increased in the patients. DMA*0102/DMB*0101 heterodimer was significantly increased in the controls(28.6% vs 4.4%, P<0.01), while DMA*0103/DMB*0102,DMA*0103/DMB*0103 and DMA*0103/DMB*0101 heterodimers were significantly increased in the patients. Conclusion DMA*0103 and DMB*0103 alleles are related with the susceptibility of type 1 diabetes in Chinese, while DMA*0102 and DMB*0101 alleles are related with the protection of type 1 diabetes. DMA*0101/0102 and DMB*0101/0101 genotypes contribute the protection,while DMB*0103/0103 and DMA*0101/0103 genotypes contribute susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Chinese. DMA*0102/DMB*0101 heterodimer is related with the protection while DMA*0103/DMB*0102, DMA*0103/DMB*0103 and DMA*0103/DMB*0101 heterodimers are related with the susceptibility of type 1 diabetes in Chinese.