Abstract： Objective To study the impact of short term intensive insulin treatment on β cell function and long term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Twenty two newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for 2 weeks and their β cell function were assessed before and after the insulin treatment by intravenous glucose tolerance test. After the treatment, all patients were followed up for their glycemic control level. Results Two weeks after the treatment, the AUC 0 10 INS, the insulin peak, the increment of the insulin peak(ΔINS), the ratio of total amount insulin to total amount glucose, the ratio of ?NS/ΔG and Homa B were significantly increased ( P <0.05). Homa A was also significantly decreased ( P <0.05). The insulin peak before and after the treatment were positively correlated ( r=0.521,P =0.013). Fifteen patients were followed up for an average of 6 months with mean HbA 1c of 5.97±0.59%, fasting plasma glucose levels of 6.34±1.07 mmol/L, 2 h OGTT plasma glucose levels of 7.81±2.41 mmol/L, fasting insulin levels of 8.63±4.43 μU/ml and 2 h OGTT insulin levels of 19.85±5.33 μU/ml at six month follow up point. Conclusion Short term intensive insulin treatment can effectively induce long term good glycemic control without medication by improving the β cell function as well as decreasing the insulin resistance and restoring the first phase of insulin secretion via eliminating the glucose toxicity. The patients might be brought back in a early time along the natural history of type 2 diabetes to a stage where non pharmacological therapys are still quite efficacious in term of blood glucose control. This suggests that the transient intensive insulin treatment might be therapys used as primary approach in the management of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.