Abstract: Objective The association of HLA DQB1 alleles and type 1 diabetes in childhood (onset:0~14 years old) in Harbin was assessed.Methods PCR/SSOP typing method was used to identify HLA DQB1 alleles in the group of type 1 diabetes patients (n=49) and health controls (n=75).Results The frequencies of DQB1*0201,DQB1*0303 and DQB1*0401 were significantly increased in the patients than in control. But the frequencies of DQB1*0301,DQB1*0501 and DQB1*0601 in the patients were significantly decreased than in control.Conclusion The results suggested that DQB1*0201, DQB1*0303 and DQB1*0401 were the important susceptible alleles, DQB1*0301,DQB1*0501 and DQB10601 were important protective alleles. The resistance conferred by DQB1*0602 was not confirmed in Type 1 Diabetes in the children.