Abstract： Objective To investigate the etiology of corneal endothelial dysfunction after cataract surgery,verify that Fuch Endothelial Dystrophy (FED) should not be ignored. Methods The patients who were performed corneal transplantation because of corneal endothelial dysfunction after cataract surgery between January 2007 and April 2011 were enrolled in this study.Cataract surgery,IOL types and combined eye diseases were recorded.The cases who received simple cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were involved in this study.We checked the patients by slit lamp microscopy,confocal microscopy,corneal endothelium microscopy and anterior segment photography.Finally,FED was diagnosed,and calculated the detection rate. Results A total of 85 cases were collected,62 cases received cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation,including 32 males,30 females,and 19-85 years old.Eight cases were diagnosed as FED,2 males,6 females,and 66-85 years old.The interval between corneal surgery and cataract surgery was from 6 months to 7 years.Seven cases underwent initial corneal transplantation while 1 case changed graft.The FED detection rate was 8％. Conclusions FED may be one of the reasons of comeal endothelial dystrophy after cataract surgery.Therefore,preoperative examination of corneal endothelium is very important.