Abstract： Objective To summarize the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, radiological and pathological characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in children and discusses the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis. Methods The patient for laboratory, imaging, deep sucking phlegm parallel histopathological examination confirmed, corticosteroid and followed-up, discusse the patient and combined domestic and foreign literature review reports. Results Clinical manifestations of main were recurrent haemoptysis,cough, anemia, partial bosom frowsty, flustered, feeble, no obvious signs in lungs. Radiculopathy lung diffuse ground-glass appearance was changed, relevant immunological tests (e. g, antinuclear antibodies, neutrophils patina antibodies) were negative, blood analysis was a hypochromic microcytic anemia, elevated bilirubin, serum iron reduces, deep sputum containing blood can be found macrophages. Conclusion Children idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderin clinical manifestations of diversity, with iron deficiency anemia, bronchopneumonia, tuberculosis, it is easy to be misdiagnosed, distinguish repeatedly, the diagnosis of gastric juice and bronchoaleolar laage biopsy can improve the rate of disease, should strengthen the cognition, early diagnosis and intervention. Long-range cocorticoid therapy can make an illness in a stable state. The poor prognosis.