Abstract： Objective To investigate the cause of oligoamnios and related factors, observation of oligoamnios on perinatal effects of children, to find the right approach, to prevent misdiagnosis and reduce perinatal child mortality. Methods 306 cases of oligoamnios were retrospectively analyzed. Results B-ultrasound estimated amniotic fluid volume of up to 97.71% accuracy rate, the incidence of oligoamnios is 2.51%, and mostly occurs in late pregnancy, especially close relationship with prolonged pregnancy, oligoamnios group (observation group) was significantly control group (P<0.01), the difference was statistically significant, there is fetal growth restriction (FGR) and pregnancy-induced hypertension occurred in those over 37 to 40 weeks pregnant.Meconium-stained amniotic fluid, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia and cesarean section rate was significantly higher than that, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Strengthening the third trimester B-monitoring, relaxation of diagnostic criteria and prompt attention to the limitations of amniotic fluid can improve the diagnosis of oligoamnios detection rates, timely cesarean section, children can significantly improve the perinatal outcome.